ssh & ftp: two kinds of ways to manage a server's file system. The former a cli experience and the latter more drag-and-drop.
static vs shared vs private: kinds of web hosts. static e.g cloudflare pages, good for serving a bunch of dumb, readymade html. shared, e.g. nearlyfreespeech.net, a fraction of a private server, good when you have something low powered but still dynamic like a cms. private e.g. hetzner, a full dedicated online computer, hood for when you have a suite of apps and services you need online.
nginx / apache: web server engines. like what docker is to an app, these are to a server.
Two years ago i was paying a freelancer to do these things for me.
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